991 research outputs found
Identifying Metaphor Hierarchies in a Corpus Analysis of Finance Articles
Using a corpus of over 17,000 financial news reports (involving over 10M
words), we perform an analysis of the argument-distributions of the UP- and
DOWN-verbs used to describe movements of indices, stocks, and shares. Using
measures of the overlap in the argument distributions of these verbs and
k-means clustering of their distributions, we advance evidence for the proposal
that the metaphors referred to by these verbs are organised into hierarchical
structures of superordinate and subordinate groups
Post-weaning performance and carcass characteristics of steer progency from different suckler cow breed types
peer-reviewedIn two experiments a total of 44 steer progeny of spring-calving Charolais (C) and
Hereford × Friesian (HF) suckler cows and C sires were slaughtered at approximately
2 years of age. Following weaning they were offered silage and 1 kg of concentrate per
head daily during a 5 month winter after which they spent 7 months at pasture. In
Experiment 1, animals were given a silage/concentrate diet during a finishing period of
either 95 or 152 days. In Experiment 2, steers were offered either a daily diet of silage
plus 6 kg of concentrates or concentrates to appetite plus 5 kg of silage (fresh weight)
during the final 140-day finishing period. Following slaughter, an 8-rib pistola from
each animal was dissected. For the two experiments combined C and HF progeny had
carcass weights of 372 and 385 (s.e. 6.1) kg, proportions of carcass as pistola of 467 and
454 (s.e. 2.8) g/kg and pistola meat proportions of 676 and 642 (s.e. 5.1) g/kg, respectively.
All fat traits were lower for the C than HF progeny but there was no difference
in carcass conformation score. Increasing slaughter weight increased carcass weight
(P < 0.001), kidney plus channel fat weight (P < 0.001), and pistola fat proportion
(P < 0.001) and decreased the proportions of carcass as pistola (P < 0.05), pistola
meat (P < 0.01), and bone (P < 0.05). In conclusion, breed type had no effect on carcass
growth but the C progeny had higher meat yield than the HF. Increasing slaughter
weight increased fatness and reduced meat yield
A Computational Theory of Subjective Probability
In this article we demonstrate how algorithmic probability theory is applied
to situations that involve uncertainty. When people are unsure of their model
of reality, then the outcome they observe will cause them to update their
beliefs. We argue that classical probability cannot be applied in such cases,
and that subjective probability must instead be used. In Experiment 1 we show
that, when judging the probability of lottery number sequences, people apply
subjective rather than classical probability. In Experiment 2 we examine the
conjunction fallacy and demonstrate that the materials used by Tversky and
Kahneman (1983) involve model uncertainty. We then provide a formal
mathematical proof that, for every uncertain model, there exists a conjunction
of outcomes which is more subjectively probable than either of its constituents
in isolation.Comment: Maguire, P., Moser, P. Maguire, R. & Keane, M.T. (2013) "A
computational theory of subjective probability." In M. Knauff, M. Pauen, N.
Sebanz, & I. Wachsmuth (Eds.), Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference of
the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 960-965). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science
Societ
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On Order Effects in Analogical Mapping: Predicting Human Error Using lAM
The Incremental Analogy Machine (lAM) predicts that the order in which parts of an analogy are processed can affect the ease of analogical mapping. In this paper, the predictions of this model are tested in two experiments. Previous work has shown that such order effects can be found in attribute-mapping problems. In the first expenment, it is shown that these effects generalise to relational-mapping problems, when subjects' error performance (incorrect mappings) is considered. It is also found that relational mapping problems are significantly harder than attribute mapping problems. In the second experiment, it is shown using relational-mapping problems, that order effects can be demonstrated for doubles (two sentences about two indiviudals) in these problems. Throughout the paper it is shown that these results are best approximated by lAM's measure of the complexity of global mappings (the remaps complexity measure), and not as has been found previously, by a measure using frequency of remaps (the re-maps measure). The empirical and theoretical significance of these results are discussed
Effect of support redox character on catalytic performance in the gas phase hydrogenation of benzaldehyde and nitrobenzene over supported gold
The authors are grateful to Dr. N. Perret for her involvement in this work. EPSRC support for free access to the TEM facility at the University of St. Andrews and financial support to Dr. M. Li and Dr. X. Wang through the Overseas Research Students Award Scheme (ORSAS) are also acknowledged.Peer reviewedPostprin
Selective gas phase hydrogenation of nitroarenes over Mo2C-supported Au–Pd
Open Access via RSC Gold 4 Gold Financial support to Dr. X. Wang through the Overseas Research Students Award Scheme (ORSAS) is acknowledged. Dr. N. Perret also acknowledges financial support from COST Action MP0903 Nanoalloys.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
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